Greece

Ancient Beginnings

The cultivation of grapevines in Greece dates back to the Neolithic period, around 6,500 years ago. The Minoans of Crete and the Mycenaeans on the mainland were among the first to produce wine, with evidence of winemaking discovered in archaeological sites such as wine presses and storage vessels. These early Greeks valued wine for its ritualistic, medicinal, and social significance.

Classical Greece

Wine held a prestigious place in Classical Greek society (800-323 BCE). It was integral to daily life, religious ceremonies, and social gatherings, particularly the symposiums—convivial meetings where philosophical, political, and literary discussions flourished. Greek poets and philosophers, including Homer and Plato, frequently referenced wine in their works, highlighting its importance.

The Greeks were also pioneers in viticulture and oenology, developing techniques such as pruning and grafting. They traded their wine throughout the Mediterranean, spreading their viticultural knowledge and influencing wine production in other cultures.

Roman and Byzantine Eras

During the Roman period, Greek wine continued to flourish. Romans highly esteemed Greek wines, often considering them superior to their own. The trade and exchange between these two great civilizations further refined winemaking techniques.

The Byzantine Empire, which succeeded the Roman Empire in the East, maintained and expanded the Greek wine tradition. Monasteries played a crucial role in preserving viticulture, with monks cultivating vineyards and producing wine for religious and communal purposes.

Ottoman Period and Modern Revival

The Ottoman conquest of Greece in the 15th century brought challenges to Greek winemaking. Although the production was suppressed, it never ceased entirely. Winemakers adapted by producing smaller quantities and focusing on quality.

The modern revival of Greek wine began in the 19th and 20th centuries, following Greece's independence. A renewed interest in traditional grape varieties and improved viticultural techniques sparked a renaissance. Winemakers started focusing on quality over quantity, leading to the establishment of appellations and the promotion of indigenous grape varieties like Assyrtiko, Agiorgitiko, and Xinomavro.

Indigenous Grape Varietals

Red Varietals:

• Agiorgitiko - cultivated in the Peloponnese area
• Limino - grown in the Aegean Islands
• Mandilaria - grown in Crete
• Mavrodaphne - grown in the Ionian Islands
• Xinomavro - grown in Macedonia

White Varietals:

• Assyrtiko - native of the Santorini Island
• Debina - grown in Epirus
• Robola - cultivated in the mountains of the Ionian Islands
• Malagousia - grown primarily in Macedonia
• Roditis - grown in Macedonia, Thessaly and Peloponnese

Contemporary Greek Wine

Today, Greek wine enjoys international recognition for its unique characteristics and high quality. The diverse terroir of Greece, from mountainous regions to coastal areas, contributes to a wide range of wine styles. Modern Greek winemakers blend traditional practices with innovative techniques, ensuring that the ancient heritage of Greek wine continues to thrive in the global market.

Greek wine's journey from ancient times to the present day is a testament to the enduring legacy of a civilization that has always valued and celebrated the art of winemaking. As wine enthusiasts around the world discover the treasures of Greek viticulture, the story of Greek wine continues to unfold.

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